Heraldic Charges
borne by
Armigerous Palmers
staff & purse
Not the bishop's crozier in the middle, but the two Palmer's Staves on either side, aka, Bourdons [old French].
purse
A Palmer's scrip, satchel, wallet, purse, or bag.
staves
A Palmer's stave bearing a Palmer's scrip. [Images used by permission from, "An Illustrated Dictionary of Heraldry" by John Cilia La Corte, 2004.]

Time to Most Recent Common Ancestor (Years) Palmer R1a1
10 May 2009

IDm
o
d
a
l
4
8
7
9
8
1
4
3
1
5
2
N
7
8
3
0
N
1
6
7
4
6
1
0
1
3
2
1
5
2
2
5
2
modal 3745030017517575250
48798 45012175450450450775
143152 30017537450450200525
N7830 17545045012175175450
N16746 17545045017512175450
101321 7545020017517525325
52252 25077552545045032537
0-225 Years 250-475 Years 500-725 Years 750-975 Years
- Infinite allele mutation model is used
- Average mutation rate varies: 0.0040 to 0.0054, from FTDNA derived rates
- Values on the diagonal indicate number of markers tested
- Probability is 50% that the TMRCA is no longer than indicated
- Average generaton: 25 years

 

r1a1 Phylogenetic Tree


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